Growing together in our pain.
Differences and tensions in healthcare chaplaincy in Europe:
State Level
Professional integration and Pastoral integrity
Introduction to discussion, presented by Rev Eirik Os
2 September 2004
My presentation will focus on differences and tensions among us on how we
connect to the state level in European health care.
We have as headline for this consultation the words “differences, tensions
and pain”. It is obvious that there are differences among us on how we as
churches relate to state authorities. The political and national historical
development has been very different in European states, and we represent
also different theological and ecclesiological traditions on the relation
between church and state, between church authorities and secular
authorities. These differences are obvious, but how do they create tensions
among us in the network? And if there are tensions – how do the tension
become painful?
For me, the most painful focus within the network is the fact that
healthcare itself is not delivered with the same amount of resources to the
population in Europe. But that is a pain we can share in solidarity. The
next painful focus is that healthcare chaplaincy is not delivered with the
same level of accessibility, acceptance and support. We meet each other in
this network bringing in very different conditions for our chaplaincy
projects. This is also a pain we can share in solidarity.
The most central pain within the network must be the fact that we have
different principles on how we should connect to the secular, state level.
This was exemplified in Turku 2002 when we agreed upon Standards. We worked
on formulating 2.2:
“Chaplaincy services are delivered by clergy and lay persons who have
been professionally trained in the area of pastoral care. They are
authorised by their faith community and recognised by the health care
system.”
We had discussions on the word “recognised”. It was proposed words more like
“authorised”, but then we felt the tension within the network on how far we
should be integrated within the secular health care system. It should not be
the secular authorities that gave chaplaincy authorisation. Only a faith
community can authorise a chaplain. For some, the integration went too far
if the health care authorities were given the pastoral authorisation. That
was never the intention. The intention was to put down as a fact that our
work is actually happening within a public setting, and that hospitals and
health care settings have the right to give or not to give their acceptance,
support and recognition to those working within their structure. This is
necessary for the sake and protection of the patient and it is therefore
needed for us to have this acceptance and recognition for our work as
chaplains. Otherwise we very fast might end up as visitors from outside.
So, how do we relate to the state level and how do we find connection? And
what are the tensions within the network on this concept of relating and
connecting to the secular health authorities?
1. Act according to the fact
It is a fact that health care is no longer delivered as caritas by the
church. Health care has been secularised and is one of the main products
given to the general population from the state authorities. It is a
political and economical product using high-tech tools from the laboratories
and factories of the impressive modern medical research.
The State level is the one that has secularised an area that used to be
sacred – health care. It is the political and administrative level that
gives legislations and budgets so that health care can be delivered. That is
the fact – so we have to react according to this fact.
I will use as a concept for understanding our relation to this state level,
a picture given to us by prof.dr Leif Gunnar Engedal in Oslo, from his
lecture at the Nordic Conference on Healthcare chaplaincy last week. He was
lecturing on “Where are the rooms of faith in the cathedral of health?”
Health has gone from caritas to marketplace. In EU they are talking about
“Health and Wealth”.
The health concept has been secularised and there is a fundamental need to
protect the dignity and integrity of the patient.
Healthcare has been secularised and churches might have felt they are
outsiders – not relevant for the modern healthcare machinery.
After this secularisation, we might say that both health as concept and
healthcare as system in a psychological and sociological way have been re-sacralised.
The cathedral is the place we turn to in our deepest distress, where we seek
advice, healing, meaning and happiness. Has the concept and system of health
become this new cathedral?
2. The cathedral of health
1. Health has in our culture become wealth, happiness, control, miraculous
victory over diseases and control and administration of life and death –
even the control of whether life should start or be ended before birth and
if life should be ended or prolonged at the end. The cathedral of health.
2. The cathedral of wealth and economy. In Europe we use a tremendous amount
of economical, human and research resources to get control over diseases and
illnesses and deliver healthcare.
3. The cathedral of science. Health is the place of great scientific
endeavours. It is the cathedral of positivistic optimism and truth-finding.
4. The cathedral of popular political decision-making. No European
politician would dare to meet the election without having healthcare at the
top of the list of priority. It is one of the primary needs in the public,
with great political impact.
5. The cathedral of modern managing and a paradise for modern reorganising
consultants.
6. The cathedral of marked and competition between healthcare deliverers.
The state level gives the budgets and the only task is to deliver high
quality heath care at the lowest price possible.
3. How to connect to the state level and create rooms for faith in this
cathedral
It used to be the scientific medical doctors that run the healthcare
institutions. They represented the local “State level” as medical
professionals. Chaplains had to struggle in discussions about the scientific
value, credibility and relevance of theology and pastoral care against
medical scientific research. The medical doctors became priests in this new
cathedral, and took moral decisions and made miracles. Now we see that
economists, administrators and legal advisors have taken over the cathedral
of health.
Is there any room for faith in this cathedral?
We know, and it is our mission to know about the tremendous need for faith.
Just ask the patients – and ask even the system itself.
How do we connect and should we connect?
1. Intra-church level might have been struggling on a structural level on
how to understand healthcare chaplaincy as pastoral within an
ecclesiological framework. This is more evident when healthcare has become a
secularised economical and political marketplace. This is often solved
theologically by using the concept of “categorical ministry” . A sort of
church department inside the healthcare institution. A clerical visitor. It
might be better for us to use the term “contextual ministry”. We then
connect to the extreme context of life/death/suffering/healing/ethical
decision-making that State level administer within public health care. This
is a context that actualise existential and spiritual and religious
dimensions far beyond the political and economical dimensions of this new
cathedral of health.
2. Modern healthcare legislation has changed from being legislations
protecting the professions to become legislations protecting the patients.
Patients have the legal right to get treatment, high quality in a secure and
accountable way. They have the right to be treated according to, and in
respect to their faith and cultural integrity.
3. Chaplaincy is in the modern language, a supplier of care on the
spiritual, religious and existential level that links to the deep integrity
and dignity of the patient. If this “product” should bee delivered from the
healthcare system, we must be accountable and responsible as profession. The state level should have every reason to be interested in that our
“product” is developed and delivered according to the healthcare
responsibility to patient rights, and accountable to professional standards.
State level should therefore feel responsible for secure connection between
chaplaincy and healthcare administrators.
4. As the cathedral of health has become a cathedral of wealth, the new
administrators are no longer only the medical doctors that ask for evidence
based proofs of our relevance , but are now the doctors of economy and
modern management. Their question to us will be the economy question on “cost-benefit”. There are interesting research on this, trying to see
the connection between good health and access to pastoral care. This is of
great interest for the new economical leaders, but might not bee the main
foundation of health care chaplaincy. We might be relevant even if it is not
obvious the we increase the production rates.
4. Integration and integrity
Healthcare is given within a secular system. Our task is to integrate
pastoral care as an accountable profession within this structure. If
integration is felt as a threat to our pastoral integrity, this might be
felt as pain in the network. This tension should therefore be used to
clarify our responsibilities, and possibilities in this context, that are in
great need of rooms for faith.
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