Growing together in our pain.
Differences and tensions in healthcare chaplaincy in Europe.
INTRA-CHURCH DIFFERENCES AND TENSIONS IN HEALTH CARE CHAPLAINCY
Introduction to discussion, presented by Fr. Dr. Angelo Brusco, Associazione Italiana di Pastorale della Salute
2 September 2004
An old recipe for rabbit stew begins with the injunction: "Catch the rabbit ". Obviously the person who wrote the recipe was taking nothing for granted.
Likewise, I would like to clear a few things up:
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The terms differences and tensions refer to the difficulties which chaplaincy in the health world encounters within the ecclesial community. These difficulties are, then, considered as obstacles or challenges. Obstacles are the route to growth, says Zen philosophy. And we know that difficulties, seen as challenges, have a theological character. They are the appeals of God do something to make the promotion of the Kingdom of the Lord more effective.
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What I have to say refers to the Italian scene and in a special way to the catholic ecclesial community.
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As I go about evaluating the situation, I will try to harmonise the attitudes of the two main characters in the following anecdote:
The eagle, the king of the birds, had increasingly
heard, over a period, about the astonishing qualities of the nightingale. As
a good ruler, he wanted to know if what he had heard was true and, to make
sure he sent two of his functionaries, the peacock and the skylark to find
out how things stood They were to evaluate both the beauty and the song of
the nightingale.The two fulfilled their mission and came back to the eagle.
The peacock was the first to speak: "The nightingale has such a modest
plumage that it borders on the ridiculous: in fact this annoyed me so much
that I didn't pay the least attention to his song. "
The skylark said, "The voice of the nightingale was quite literally
enchanting and so I completely forgot to pay attention to his plumage. "
I will group my reflections under six points.
1. Catholic chaplaincy in the health world has a precise place in the
setting of the catholic ecclesial community. The figure of the chaplain is
recognised in the Code of Canon Law and, on the part of ecclesiastic
authority, there has been an effective effort to induce the State to
juridically recognise the presence and the activity of chaplains in health
institutes.
In this positive picture there are two shadow areas:
a. Juridical recognition is limited to priests. Deacons, religious and lay are excluded. This is a restriction, which many chaplains, who would like to integrate into chaplaincy other persons who have different and complementary charism, have to put up with, So, we Italians are invidious of what is happening in many other European countries.
b. The attention of the church hierarchy to the juridical configuration of the chaplain in the health world is not accompanied by an equal effort to improve his image. In too many cases, Bishops still nominate, as chaplains, priests who are old or sick and, for many priests, being nominated as a hospital chaplain is equal to being punished.
2. Within the structure of health care chaplaincy
things have progressed quite well. Over and beyond the Pontifical Council
for Health Pastoral, a Vatican body for the whole Church, there is, in
Italy, a National group for health pastoral, which is backed up by regional
and diocesan groups. And even if all do not function, as they should, basic
orientations have been set down.
The shadow in this area lies in the non-existence of an association of
chaplains and health workers in the health world that is recognised by the
Italian Episcopal Conference. The present A.I.Pa.S (Italian Association for
health pastoral) was begun in 1985 by four religious orders (Franciscans,
Capuchins, St. John of God and St. Camillus). This came about because the
various efforts of ecclesiastical authority to set up an association of
chaplains were shipwrecked due to power struggles.
The current situation can be described as follows: on the one hand A.I.Pa.S
wants to remain free, is it does not want to fall under the control of the
Italian Episcopal Conference; on the other hand the Episcopal Conference is
aware of the Association, thinks highly of it, respects it, but it does not
give it the authority that would be important if it is to make a greater
impact on the ecclesial scene.
The advantages and disadvantages of this situation seem to be well described
in a page from the Gospel (John 20, 1-8).
The evangelist speaks of the apostles Peter and John who, having received
the news of the empty tomb from the women, ran to the tomb on Easter Sunday.
Peter represents the church hierarchy which cannot run very fast, that gets
there with a certain amount of difficulty and is attentive, as should be, to
the total reality, to order, to orthodoxy and to correct practice...
John, however, reflects the others who make up the people of God, more
charismatic, more free and fluid. So they run faster and can follow up their
intuitions more readily.
But John's faster pace also had an effect on Peter; it stimulates him, and
pushes him to run more quickly.
However, that John's quicker pace is not a sign of independence is indicated
by the fact that once he had arrived at the tomb, the apostle whom Jesus
loved did not go in, but waited so that Peter would be the first to enter.
The current statute gives the A.I.Pa.S movement, creativity, initiative,
efforts at new projects without ignoring the resource of church authority.
3. Good progress can be reported on the formation
scene. In Rome, there is an academic Institute for pastoral health theology
and there are many non-academic formation centres. Also literature on
pastoral health has grown well. One of the most significant efforts has been
the publication of a Dictionary of Pastoral Health Theology (Ed. Camilliane,
Torino, 1977, 1444pp.).
But one can find shadows here too. While there are formation structures,
access to them is rather off-putting. This is due to many factors the most
important of which is the non obligatory nature of specialised formation for
priests working in the health world and the absence of parameters that would
indicate what formation ought to be had by those, who while not being
priests, wish to become involved in pastoral health. The consequence of
being allergic to specialised formation is not without its impact on the
quality of the service on offer.
4. Chaplains are ageing. While one admires the dedication of so many
chaplains who remain on station in the active ministry despite advancing
age, one cannot ignore the signs of tension between generations: different
mentalities, differing pastoral methods, and resistance to change...
5. One of the finest fruits coming from theological
reflection over the past fifty years is without doubt the elaboration of an
Ecclesiology of Communion.
In this new ecclesiology of communion is presented as organic, that is in
its diversity and complementarity, as is clearly enunciated in "Christifideles
Laici", a document of the Catholic Church. "Church communion is formed,
more precisely, as an organic communion, analogous to that of a living body:
it, in fact, is characterised by the co-presence of diversity and of
complementarity of vocations and of conditions of life, of ministries, of
charisms and of responsibilities" (n. 20). Thanks to this diversity and
complementarity every member finds himself in relationship with the entire
body and offers it his own contribution.
The putting into practice of the principles of ecclesiology is rather slow.
Resistance to change can be seen also in the pastoral or health sector,
especially in the relation between priests and laity, men and especially
women_, and in this one can see the influence of the dynamics of power.
Whilst thinking of these difficulties, I have a wish in my heart that I will
express by telling you of an experience I had many years ago, at a meeting
of various ecclesial groups made up of priests, religious women and men and
laity. At the beginning of the meeting, a simple scene was acted out. There
was a contest between the various colours of the rainbow. Each colour
insisted on its own importance at the expense of the others. Green pointed
to the sight of the meadows and the woods. Yellow stressed the splendour of
the sun. Red insisted on the strength of its own symbolism. Blue invited us
to look at the sky on a beautiful day ...At a certain moment, a voice from
on high was heard inviting the colours to stop this useless arguing and
trying to impose their views on others and instead to find a form of
collaboration that would be creative and peaceful. And so the rainbow was
born.
6. Despite the celebration of two Synods of Bishops for Europe, with rich documentation, a European opening for pastoral workers in the health world is still very restricted. The interest in what is happening in health care ministry in other European countries is small, it certainly does not hold a candle to the interest in the euro or football. Among the factors that he at the base of this are language and a certain parochialism, that dies hard.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I can say that the health, care chaplaincy song, like that of
the nightingale, is truly beautiful, is the fruit of faith and giving, is
nourished by the desire to announce and to carry to those that suffer and to
those who are involved in helping the sick and in promoting in health the
merciful love of Christ. And the plumage, well, there is no doubt that there
is work to be done if we are to make the beauty of the song more attractive
and more accessible to the women and men of our time.